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1.
Ciênc. rural (Online) ; 52(1): e20201116, 2022.
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1286032

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT: Urinary lithiasis has been reported as a problem that affects humankind since ancient times and has been described in several animal species. The condition is a consequence of other diseases that may be present in the urinary system or related to other body disorders. The stone composition needs to be analyzed to identify the possible causes that led to the formation and development of uroliths. For this, several techniques are currently available, some of which are promptly accessible, while others are not. Thus, this literature review aimed to perform a brief introduction on urolithiasis, present the most used techniques in the analysis of the composition of canine and feline uroliths and point out the advantages and disadvantages of each technique.


RESUMO: A litíase urinária foi reportada como um problema que atinge a humanidade desde a antiguidade e já foi descrita em diversas espécies de animais. A doença é considerada consequência de outras enfermidades que podem estar presentes no sistema urinário, ou relacionados com outros distúrbios do organismo. Para identificar as possíveis causas que levaram à formação e desenvolvimento de urólitos é importante analisar a composição dos cálculos. Para isso, existem várias técnicas disponíveis atualmente, algumas de mais fácil acesso e outras, nem tanto. Dessa forma, objetiva-se com a presente revisão realizar uma breve introdução sobre a urolitíase e apresentar as técnicas mais utilizadas na análise da composição de urólitos, em caninos e felinos, bem como apontar as vantagens e desvantagens de cada uma das técnicas.

2.
Ciênc. rural (Online) ; 51(9): e20200936, 2021. tab
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1249570

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT: Methicillin resistance in the Staphylococcus intermedius group (SIG) has emerged in small animal practice. Methicillin-resistant SIG (MRSIG) members have been implicated as causes of infections in both companion animals and humans. Staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) elements carry the mecA/C genes, which encode for the transpeptidase PBP2a (PBP2') responsible for β-lactam antibiotic resistance in staphylococci. This study examined the SCCmec types of MRSIG isolates from different clinical specimens of dogs that exhibited methicillin MIC ≥ 0.5 μg/mL by an automated identification and susceptibility system in a Center for Veterinary Diagnostics in São Paulo, Brazil. Susceptibility to methicillin was determined by broth microdilution testing, and Oxoid® M.I.C.Evaluator® strips. PBP2a production was detected using a latex agglutination assay. SCCmec typing was performed according to the International Working Group on the Classification of Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome Elements (IWG-SCC) guidelines. SCCmec type II (2A), SCCmec type III (3A), composite SCC structures consisting of a class A mec gene complex in addition to multiple ccr gene complexes, and non-typable SCCmec elements were reported in these MRSIG isolates. SCCmec type variants differing from those so far acknowledged by IWG-SCC were found, indicating new rearrangements in the genetic context of mecA in these canine MRSIG isolates.


RESUMO: A resistência à meticilina no grupo Staphylococcus intermedius (GSI) tem aumentado na clínica de pequenos animais. Membros GSI resistentes à meticilina (GSIRM) têm sido causas de infecções tanto em animais de companhia e humanos. Cassetes cromossômicos estafilocócicos mec (SCCmec) carregam os genes mecA/C, que codificam a transpeptidase PBP2a (PBP2') responsável pela resistência aos antibióticos β-lactâmicos em estafilococos. Nosso objetivo foi investigar os elementos SCCmec de GSIRM isolados de diferentes amostras clínicas de cães que exibiram CIM de meticilina ≥ 0,5 μg/mL por meio de um sistema automatizado em um Centro Veterinário de Diagnósticos em São Paulo, Brasil. A sensibilidade à meticilina foi determinada por meio do teste de microdiluição em caldo e fitas Oxoid® M.I.C.Evaluator®. A produção de PBP2a foi detectada usando um ensaio de aglutinação de látex. A tipagem dos elementos SCCmec foi realizada de acordo com as diretrizes do International Working Group on the Classification of Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome Elements (IWG-SCC). SCCmec tipo II (2A), SCCmec tipo III (3A), SCC compostos de um complexo mec de classe A com múltiplos complexos ccr, e elementos SCCmec não tipáveis foram encontrados nesses isolados GSIRM. Variantes que diferem dos elementos SCCmec reconhecidos até o momento pelo IWG-SCC foram encontradas, indicando novos rearranjos no contexto genético de mecA nesses isolados GSIRM caninos.

3.
Pesqui. vet. bras ; 40(9): 690-695, Sept. 2020. tab
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1143420

ABSTRACT

Plasmid-mediated polymyxin resistance was first described in 2015, in China, in Escherichia coli carrying the mcr-1 (Mobile Colistin Resistance-1) gene. Since then, it has become a major public health challenge worldwide, representing a major threat to human and animal health. In addition, there are still few reports on the prevalence of mcr-1 in Enterobacteriaceae isolated from humans, animals and food. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to investigate the occurrence of the mcr-1 gene in bacterial isolates with phenotypic resistance to polymyxin B obtained from clinical specimens of companion animals. Phenotypic resistance to polymyxin B were determined by broth microdilution and the susceptibility profile to other antimicrobials (amikacin, amoxicillin/clavulanate, ampicillin, ampicillin/sulbactam, aztreonam, cefazolin, cefepime, cefotaxime, cefoxitin, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, doxycycline, ertapenem, gentamicin, imipenem, marbofloxacin, meropenem, phosphomycin, piperacillin/tazobactam, tetracycline, ticarcillin/clavulanate, tobramycin and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole) by disc-diffusion agar method. The extraction of bacterial DNA was performed via heat shock followed by spectrophotometric evaluation. To verify the presence of mcr-1, the Polymerase Chain Reaction was employed using specific primers, followed by agarose gel electrophoresis. The positive isolates had the corresponding amplicons sequenced. In this study, there were identified the first isolates of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp. and Enterobacter spp. carrying the mcr-1 gene derived from specimens of companion animals in Brazil. Our results suggest the dissemination of resistance to polymyxins in the community and the environment, highlighting the need for surveillance and optimized treatment guidelines.(AU)


A resistência à polimixina mediada por plasmídeo teve sua primeira descrição em 2015, na China, em Escherichia coli portadora do gene mcr-1 (Mobile Colistin Resistance-1) e a partir de então tornou-se um grande desafio para a saúde pública em todo o mundo, constituindo uma grande ameaça à saúde humana e animal. Além disso, ainda existem poucos relatos sobre a prevalência de mcr-1 em Enterobacteriaceae isoladas de humanos, animais e alimentos. Sendo assim, o objetivo do estudo foi investigar a ocorrência do gene mcr-1 em isolados bacterianos com resistência fenotípica à polimixina B, oriundos de materiais clínicos de animais de companhia. A resistência fenotípica à polimixina B foi determinada por microdiluição em caldo e o perfil de sensibilidade aos demais antimicrobianos (amicacina, amoxicilina/clavulanato, ampicilina, ampicilina/sulbactam, aztreonam, cefazolina, cefepime, cefotaxima, cefoxitina, ceftazidima, ceftriaxona, cloranfenicol, ciprofloxacina, doxiciclina, ertapenem, gentamicina, imipinem, marbofloxacino, meropenem, fosfomicina, piperacilina/tazobactam, tetraciclina, ticarcilina/clavulanato, tobramicina sulfametoxazol/trimetoprim) foram determinados pelo método disco difusão. A extração do DNA bacteriano foi realizada via choque térmico, seguido de avaliação espectrofotométrica. Para a verificação da presença do mcr-1 foi utilizada a Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase com emprego de iniciadores específicos, seguida de eletroforese em gel de agarose. Os isolados positivos tiveram os correspondentes amplicons sequenciados. Nesse estudo foram identificados os primeiros isolados de Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp. e Enterobacter spp. portadores do gene mcr-1 derivados de espécimes de animais de companhia no Brasil. Este estudo sugere a disseminação da resistência às polimixinas na comunidade e no meio ambiente, destacando a necessidade de vigilância e diretrizes otimizadas de tratamento.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Dogs , Polymyxin B , Genes, MDR , Drug Resistance, Bacterial , Enterobacteriaceae , Cats
4.
Journal of Veterinary Science ; : e33-2019.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-758932

ABSTRACT

Porphyromonas species are closely associated with companion animal periodontitis which is one of the most common diseases in dogs and cats and leads to serious systemic diseases if left untreated. In this study, we evaluated the antimicrobial effects and mode of action of sodium tripolyphosphate (polyP3, Na5P3O10), a food additive with proven safety, using three pathogenic Porphyromonas species. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of polyP3 against Porphyromonas gulae, Porphyromonas cansulci, and Porphyromonas cangingivalis were between 500 and 750 mg/L. PolyP3 significantly decreased viable planktonic cells as well as bacterial biofilm formation, even at sub-MIC concentrations. PolyP3 caused bacterial membrane disruption and this effect was most prominent in P. cangingivalis, which was demonstrated by measuring the amount of nucleotide leakage from the cells. To further investigate the mode of action of polyP3, high-throughput whole-transcriptome sequencing was performed using P. gulae. Approximately 30% of the total genes of P. gulae were differentially expressed by polyP3 (> 4-fold, adjusted p value < 0.01). PolyP3 influenced the expression of the P. gulae genes related to the biosynthesis of thiamine, ubiquinone, and peptidoglycan. Collectively, polyP3 has excellent antibacterial effects against pathogenic Porphyromonas species and can be a promising agent to control oral pathogenic bacteria in companion animals.


Subject(s)
Animals , Cats , Dogs , Humans , Bacteria , Biofilms , Food Additives , Friends , Membranes , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Peptidoglycan , Periodontitis , Pets , Plankton , Porphyromonas , Sodium , Thiamine , Ubiquinone
5.
Rev. argent. microbiol ; 50(3): 290-294, set. 2018. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-977246

ABSTRACT

El pangenoma de Escherichia coli se compone de un core conservado y regiones genómicas variables. El componente genético constante permite determinar la filogenia del microorganismo, mientras que la variabilidad genética ha permitido el surgimiento de cepas patógenas intestinales y extraintestinales. En este estudio caracterizamos genéticamente 85 cepas patógenas extraintestinales aisladas de caninos y felinos. Se utilizó el esquema de Clermont para agruparlas en relación con elfilogrupo de pertenencia (intestinal: Ay B1; extraintestinal: B2 y D) y se investigó en ellas la presencia de varios marcadores de virulencia (pap1-2, pap3-4, sfa, afa, hlyA, aer y cnf), así como de marcadores de patovares híbridos. El 69,4% de los aislamientos pertenecieron al filogrupo A; el 1,2% al B1; el 16,5% al B2 y el 12,9% al D. El gen encontrado con mayor frecuencia fue sfa (21/85), seguido de los genes pap1-2 y cnf (20/85) y pap3-4 (19/85). No se detectaron híbridos. Los aislamientos en animales deben ser estudiados debido al potencial zoonótico del microorganismo.


The pangenome of Escherichia coli is composed of a conserved core and variable genomic regions. The constant genetic component allows to determine the phylogeny of the microorganism, while genetic variability promoted the emergence of intestinal pathogenic strains and extraintestinal strains. In this study we characterized 85 extraintestinal pathogenic isolates genetically isolated from canines and felines. We used the Clermont scheme that includes intestinal (A and B1) and extraintestinal (B2 and D) phylogroups, virulence markers (pap1-2, pap3-4, sfa, afa, hlyA, aer and cnf) and hybrid pathogens. A percentage of 69.4% of the isolates belonged to phylogroupA; 1.2% to phylogroup B1; 16.5% to phylogroup B2 and 12.9% to phylogroup D. The most commonly found gene was sfa (21/85), followed by pap1-2 and cnf (20/85) and pap3-4 (19/85). No hybrids were detected. Animal isolates should be studied due to the zoonotic potential of the microorganism.


Subject(s)
Animals , Cats , Dogs , Escherichia coli Infections , Extraintestinal Pathogenic Escherichia coli , Phylogeny , Argentina , Virulence , Virulence Factors , Escherichia coli Infections/veterinary , Extraintestinal Pathogenic Escherichia coli/isolation & purification
6.
Journal of Veterinary Science ; : 550-556, 2018.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-758828

ABSTRACT

Radiotherapy for the treatment of cancer in companion animals is currently administered by using megavoltage X-ray machines. Because these machines are expensive, most animal hospitals do not perform radiotherapy. This study evaluated the ability of relatively inexpensive kilovoltage X-ray machines to treat companion animals. A simulation study based on a commercial treatment-planning system was performed for tumors of the brain (non-infectious meningoencephalitis), nasal cavity (malignant nasal tumors), forefoot (malignant muscular tumors), and abdomen (malignant intestinal tumors). The results of kilovoltage (300 kV and 450 kV) and megavoltage (6 MV) X-ray beams were compared. Whereas the 300 kV and 6 MV X-ray beams provided optimal radiation dose homogeneity and conformity, respectively, for brain tumors, the 6 MV X-rays provided optimal homogeneity and radiation conformity for nasal cavity, forefoot, and abdominal tumors. Although megavoltage X-ray beams provided better radiation dose distribution in most treated animals, the differences between megavoltage and kilovoltage X-ray beams were relatively small. The similar therapeutic effects of the kilovoltage and 6 MV X-ray beams suggest that kilovoltage X-ray beams may be effective alternatives to megavoltage X-ray beams in treating cancers in companion animals.


Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Abdomen , Brain , Brain Neoplasms , Friends , Hospitals, Animal , Nasal Cavity , Pets , Radiotherapy , Therapeutic Uses
7.
Braz. j. microbiol ; 46(3): 875-878, July-Sept. 2015. tab, ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-755809

ABSTRACT

The invasin gimB (genetic island associated with human newborn meningitis) is usually found in ExPEC (Extraintestinal Pathogenic Escherichia coli) such as UPEC (uropathogenic E. coli), NMEC (neonatal meningitis E. coli) and APEC (avian pathogenic E. coli). In NMEC, gimB is associated with the invasion process of the host cells. Due to the importance of E. coli as a zoonotic agent and the scarce information about the frequency of gimB-carrying strains in different animal species, the aim of this study was to investigate the presence of gimB in isolates from bovine, swine, canine and feline clinical samples. PCR was conducted on 196 isolates and the identity of the amplicons was confirmed by sequencing. Of the samples tested, only E. coli SB278/94 from a bovine specimen was positive (1/47) for gimB, which represents 2.1% of the bovine isolates. The ability of SB278/94 to adhere to and invade eukaryotic cells was confirmed by adherence and gentamicin-protection assays using HeLa cells. This is the first study that investigates for gimB in bovine, canine and feline E. coli isolates and shows E. coli from the intestinal-bovine samples harboring gimB.

.


Subject(s)
Animals , Cats , Cattle , Dogs , Humans , Bacterial Adhesion/genetics , Cat Diseases/microbiology , Cattle Diseases/microbiology , Dog Diseases/microbiology , Escherichia coli Proteins/genetics , Escherichia coli/pathogenicity , Intestines/microbiology , Swine Diseases/microbiology , Virulence Factors/genetics , Base Sequence , Cell Line, Tumor , Escherichia coli Infections/microbiology , Escherichia coli/genetics , Escherichia coli/isolation & purification , Genes, Bacterial , Gentamicins/pharmacology , HeLa Cells , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Sequence Analysis, DNA , Swine
8.
Rev. bras. geriatr. gerontol ; 15(4): 681-691, out.-dez. 2012. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-663995

ABSTRACT

Pesquisou-se a prevalência de criptosporidiose em gatos domésticos de companhia em idosos de ambos os sexos (acima de 60 anos de idade) proprietários dos mesmos, residentes no município de Teresópolis-RJ, e que compareceram a um posto de vacinação do município no período da vacinação contra gripe de 2009 e 2010. A prevalência de diarreia nos idosos foi 29,4% e nos felinos 24,5%. Identificou-se presença de um ou mais oocistos em 16,7% dos idosos e em 12,7% nos felinos. A análise da razão de prevalência de diarreia evidenciou uma forte associação em idosos (RP = 4,37, IC a 95%: 2,67 - 7,16) e menor força de associação em felinos (RP = 2,16, IC a 95%: 1,06 - 4,39). Pela análise de imunofluorescência confirmada pela PCR, houve semelhante força de associação em idosos (RP = 4,43, IC a 95%: 3,04 - 6,45), mas se observou aumento na força de associação para felinos (RP = 4,67, IC a 95%: 3,9 - 6,81). Os achados obtidos com esta pesquisa são preocupantes, mas importantes para a saúde pública, por demonstrarem a relação zoonótica do Cryptosporidium spp. presente nas amostras fecais dos animais de companhia do grupo populacional de idosos estudados.


The prevalenceof cryptosporidiosiswas analyzed indomestic catsand in theirelderly owners (over 60 yearsof age) of bothsexes, residentsinthe cityofTeresópolis,andwho were attendedby avaccination against influenza in 2009and2010. The prevalence ofdiarrheainthe elderlywas29.4%and24.5% incats. It wasidentifiedthe presence ofone ormoreoocysts in fecal material in16.7% of elderly,and 12.7% incats. Theprevalenceofdiarrheashowedstrongassociation inelderly people (PR=4.37, 95% CI: 2.67 to 7.16), and lower strengthof association in cats(PR=2.16, 95% CI: 1.06 - 4.39). ByimmunofluorescenceconfirmedbyPCR there was similarstrength ofassociationinelderly people (PR=4.43, 95% CI: 3.04 to 6.45), buttherewasanincrease in thestrengthof associationforfelines(PR = 4.67, 95% CI: 3.9 to 6.81). Thefindings fromthisresearch are disturbing, but importanttopublic health, as they showthe relationshipofzoonoticCryptosporidiumspp. presentinfecal samplesofcompanion animalsfromthe population elderly studied.

9.
Rev. gerenc. políticas salud ; 11(22): 58-66, ene.-jun. 2012. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-666539

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: en este artículo se evaluó la compatibilidad de las relaciones humano-animales de compañía, las cuales fueron exploradas desde la perspectiva de los beneficios emocionales y psicológicos. Los principales objetivos eran desarrollar una medida de base que reflejara el uso de conceptos psicológicos y ver si los propietarios de animales o los conceptos de salud pueden ser explicados por la varianza de los predictores de salud conocidos. Método: ancianos de la comunidad pertenecientes al estudio (n = 267) proporcionaron información a través de entrevistas con cuestionarios estructurados. Se hicieron regresiones múltiples, examinando el posible papel predictivo de los hábitos de salud, de apoyo social, la propiedad del animal doméstico y el apego de los propietarios a los animales, con la salud y el bienestar. Resultados: este estudioconfirma los beneficios terapéuticos que trae el empleo de animales de compañía en el cuidado de las personas mayores, lo que puede hacer una diferencia en el estado de salud. Conclusión: el proceso de envejecimiento implica nuevas demandas de servicios, beneficios y atención que constituyen retos para los gobiernos y la sociedad...


Objective: This article evaluated the compatibility of human-companion animal relationships, which were explored from the perspective of emotional and psychological benefits of companion animals. The main aims were to develop a measure of pet attachment that reflects psychologists’ use of the attachment concept, and to see if pet ownership or attachment added to thehealth variance explained by known predictors. Method: Community-older adults (n=267) gave information by interview using structured questionnaire. Multiple regressions were then conducted to examine the possible predictive role of health habits, human social supports, pet ownership, and owners’ attachment to the pet, on health and well-being. Results: This studyconfirm the results of therapeutic profit by companion animals’ employment in health care of older people, which can make a difference to the health status levels. Conclusion: The aging process involves new demands for services, benefits and attention that constitute challenges for governments and society...


Objetivo: Neste artigo foi avaliada a compatibilidade das relações humanos-animais de estimação explorada a partir da perspectiva dos benefícios mocionais e psicológicos acordados. Os objectivos principais foram desenvolver uma base de referência que refletisse o uso de conceitos psicológicos e conferir se os proprietários de animais ou os conceitos de saúde puderam ser explicados pela variância dos preditores de saúde conhecidos. Método: os anciãos da comunidade pertencente ao estudo (n = 267) forneceram informações através de entrevistas com questionáriosestruturados. Fizeram-se regressões múltiplas, examinando o possível papel preditivo de hábitos de saúde, apoio social, propriedade do animal de estimação e fixação dos proprietáriosdos animais, com a saúde e bem-estar deles. Resultados: Este estudo confirma os benefícios terapêuticos trazidos pelo uso de animais de estimação em cuidar do idoso, o que puder fazer a diferença no estado de saúde. Conclusão: O processo de envelhecimento traz novas demandas de serviços, benefícios e cuidados que são desafios para os governos e sociedade...


Subject(s)
Pets , Health Policy
10.
Braz. j. vet. res. anim. sci ; 49(2): 162-166, 2012. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-687589

ABSTRACT

A coccidiose é uma das mais frequentes enfermidades parasitárias em pequenos animais em todo o mundo. O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a ocorrência da infecção por Cystoisospora em cães e gatos no Município de Andradina, São Paulo. Durante os anos de 2007 a 2009, amostras fecais de 97 gatos e 93 cães foram processadas por meio das técnicas de flutuação em solução saturada de cloreto de sódio e sedimentação espontânea. As espécies foram identificadas por morfometria dos oocistos. Oocistos fecais de Cystoisospora foram encontrados em 71,1% (69/97) dos gatos, sendo que infecção simples por C. rivoltaou por C. felis ocorreu, respectivamente, em 41,0% (16/39) e em 20,5% (8/39) dos animais, com P≥0,2319. Em 39,7% (37/93) dos cães foi detectada positividade para Cystoisospora spp., sendo a espécie C. canis identificada na maior proporção (63,9%) com P=0,0005. A partir dos resultados obtidos, nós concluímos que cães e gatos tiveram elevada ocorrência de infecção por Cystoisospora, sendo C. canis e C. rivolta as espécies mais observadas, respectivamente.


Coccidiosis is one of the most common parasitic diseases in dogs and cats in all the world. The aim of this study was to determine the occurrence of this parasitosis in dog and cat population at the Municipality of Andradina in the State of São Paulo, from 2007 to 2009. Fecal samples from 97 cats and 93 dogs were analyzed by using the techniques of flotation in saturated sodium chloride and spontaneous sedimentation. The species were classified according to morphology of the oocysts. Cystoisospora fecal oocyst found in 71.1% (69/97) of the cats, and simple infection by C. rivolta and C. felis occurred respectively in 41.0% (16/39) and 20.5% (8/39) animals, with P ≥ 0.2319. In 39.7%(37/93) of the dogs was found positive for Cystoisospora spp. And the species C. canis identified in the largest proportion (63.9%) with P = 0.0005. From the results, we conclude that dogs and cats had high incidence of infection Cystoisospora, being C. canis and C. rivolta most observed species, respectively.


Subject(s)
Animals , Cats , Dogs , Dogs/classification , Coccidiosis/parasitology , Cats/classification , Parasitic Diseases/parasitology , Oocytes/parasitology
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